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Levi "Lee" Shubert (March 25, 1871〔the ''New York Times'' December 26, 1953 obituary gives his date of birth as March 15, 1875, but he told friends he was "more than 80"〕– December 25, 1953) was a Jewish-Lithuanian-born American theatre owner/operator and producer and the eldest of seven siblings of the theatrical Shubert family. ==Biography== Born to Duvvid Schubart and Katrina Helwitzin in Vladislavov, in the Suwałki Governorate of Congress Poland, a part of the Russian Empire (present-day Kudirkos Naumiestis, Lithuania), Shubert was 11 years old when the family emigrated to the United States and settled in Syracuse, New York, where a number of Jewish families from their hometown already were living. His father's alcoholism kept the family in difficult financial circumstances, and Lee Shubert went to work selling newspapers on a street corner. With borrowed money, he and younger brothers Sam and Jacob eventually embarked on a business venture that led to them to become the successful operators of several theaters in upstate New York.〔("Shubert Brothers" ) pbs.org, retrieved December 30, 2009〕〔Hirsch, pp 9-12〕 The Shubert brothers decided to expand to the huge market in New York City, and at the end of March 1900 they leased the Herald Square Theatre at the corner of Broadway and 35th Street in Manhattan. Leaving younger brother Jacob at home to manage their existing theatres, Lee and Sam Shubert moved to New York City where they laid the foundations for what was to become the largest theatre empire in the 20th century, including the Winter Garden and Shubert Theatres.〔("Shubert Brothers A Brief History" ) shubertarchive.org, retrieved December 30, 2009〕 The all-powerful Theatrical Syndicate essentially excluded competition. Since the Shuberts were not permitted to use Syndicate-controlled theaters, they put on shows in rented circus tents, holding "three times as many customers as the typical theater." In 1910, they formed the "Independent National Theatre Owner's Association," which brought about the defection of many theaters from all around the country that previously had been affiliated with the Syndicate. In 1922, it was announced that "Lee Shubert and A. L. Erlanger...rivals for twenty years" had reached a working understanding.〔("Shubert-Erlanger End Long Rivalry" )''The New York Times'', March 4, 1922〕〔(About Us ) shubertfoundation.org, retrieved December 30, 2009〕〔 Lee Shubert was a hard nosed businessman who has been criticized for being money and power oriented with little interest in culture. Nonetheless, he recognized the need to attract some of the top stage actors from the long-established European theatres to perform at the new Broadway houses. After a disastrous production of ''Hamlet'' in 1901 at a competitor's theatre, French megastar Sarah Bernhardt vowed never to return to America until Lee Shubert convinced her to perform for his company in 1905.〔("Shubert Organization Inc. history ) fundinguniverse.com, retrieved December 30, 2009〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lee Shubert」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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